Childhood and Physical Contact Essay Example for Free

Childhood and Physical Contact Essay 3.4 Explain how practitioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits. Many jobs within children’s workforce require physical contact with children as part of their role. There are also occasions when it is entirely appropriate for other adults to have some physical contact with a child or young person with whom they are working with. However it is crucial that in all circumstances, adults should only touch children or young people in ways which are appropriate to their professionals or agreed roles and responsibilities Practitioners need to be aware that even well intentioned physical contact may be seen as inappropriate by the child, other adults or by anyone to whom this action may be viewed by, also never touch a child in a way which may be considered indecent. Always be prepared to report and explain actions and accept that all physical contact, but understand that physical contact in some circumstances can be easily misinterpreted because of the state of mind of the child or the adult. Be aware of all cultural and religious views about touching and always be sensitive to issues of gender and always encourage children, where possible, to undertake self-care tasks independently e.g. changing and use of the bathroom. As an adult working with children always pre –empt situations that may put you in a vulnerable position and plan to avoid them such as concealed one to one contact with a child or young person. Where possible always leave a record of a planned visit which may have the potential to be problematic e.g. where, when and why and take to follow up any incidents/ accidents or concerning behaviour.

Globalization and Organization design

Globalization and Organization design Introduction Nowadays, Globalization is the indispensable trend of many companies. What motivates them to expand internationally? They do business on global scales in order to expand their markets, increase sales and increase profits. In other side, Organizations have to face a lot of challenges from globalization such as communication, culture, technology and transportation etc. It requires top leaders must be having a global outlook, creating global strategies and structure designs for global advantage. So how managers design the organization for international environment? Content What motivates organization to expand internationally? There are 3 major factors which motivate companies to expand internationally: Economies of scale, Economies of scope, Low-cost production factors. The economies of scale refer to reduction in the cost per unit by increasing the scale of output. It means producing in the large-volume by new technologies and production methods. The second factor is economies of scope. This factor refers to increasing the number and variety of products and services which company offers. In other hand, company also increase the number and variety of regions, countries, and markets it servers. The third factor is Low-cost production relates to factor of production. Nowadays, a lot of companies in the world, special in USA, usually invest aboard to get the lowest cost of labor, raw materials and other resources. Those factors show that this is necessary for organization to focus on globalization. In some industries, a company can be successful only by succeeding on global scale. Stages of International Evolution: Domestic => International => Multinational => Global. There are a lot of ways to enter foreign markets and each company has their own strategies. However, organizations should grow up step by step, from domestic to global. In the first stage, the Domestic stage, the company has to focus on domestic market which is limited and is their home country. They build basically structure in domestic and deal with foreign sales by an export department. From this stage, the company collects experiences to expand abroad. The next stage is the international stage. In this stage, the company begins to focus on export more seriously and begins to think Multi-domestically. They enter into multiple countries and have to deal with each country individually because each country has independent competitive issues. So the export department has replaced by an international division and specialists who are hired to handle sales, service, and warehousing abroad. In stage three, the multinational stage, company expands into some international markets and establishes marketing, manufacturing, or research and development facilities in several foreign countries. And they have business units scattered around the world along with suppliers, manufacturers and distributors. Thats why company obtains a large percentage of revenues from sales outside the home country. We call this stage of development is explosion and structure is worldwide geographic product. Example of multi-national companies is Coca-cola in United States, Sony of Japan, Wal-Martà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The final stage is the global stage. In this stage, company has inner force and experiences enough to transcend any singer country. They become stateless corporations which have market in the whole world. They have subsidiaries which are interlinked to the point where competitive position in one country significantly influences activities in other countries in whole world. Become global company make their structure to be matrix or transnational model. The example is Nestlà ©, Unilever.ect. They appear in more than a hundred countries. How to enter new markets? Globalization gives organizations a lot of opportunities and it also give them a lot of challenges. One of a lot questions which it gives organization is: How can expand globally? But firstly, we have to answer this question How to enter new markets? And weve find out one of the most popular ways which company uses to enter the new markets is through International strategic alliances: licensing, joint ventures, and consortia. They joint venture with their partners such as customers, suppliers or even competitors to share development and production costs and penetrating new marketsFor example, the Joint Venture that Canadian mining company Placer Dome has with Newmont Mining and the result helps lower operating costs at their Nevada gold-mining operations. The subsidiary is Placer Dome Turquoise Ridge Inc. and Placer Dome owns 75% while Newmont owns 25%. The project expects to mine 300,000 ounces per year of gold with gold over $300 an ounce, this deal is worth $90 million annually (Tuesday, January 6, 2004-Torontostar newspaper). They also can limit risks and take the money from selling licenses when entering new markets by licensing. The example is Saks Fifth Avenue and Barneys New York. Saks has licensed stores in Riyadh and Dubai, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico. Barneys has licensed stores in Japan. Both of them as well as other US- based department stores, are currently making a strong international push in light of weak sales and stiff competition in the United States (OConnell, Department Stores: Tough Sell Abroad). Another typical alliance is that companies become involves in Consortia, groups of independent companies including suppliers, customers, and even competitors. Companies join together to share skills, resources, cost, and access to anothers markets. There is a difference between joint ventures and consortia that in a joint venture, the partners will create a legal corporate entity to carry out the activity with an agreement that the parent companies have controlling interests. The difference between alliances and consortia is that consortiums are usually created for a specific short term project, whereas alliances can take place over many years and involve multiple aspects of the relationship whereas consortiums usually are arranged for one specific topic or project. Global strategy To survive and develop in International environment, an organizations structure must fit its situation by providing sufficient information processing for coordination and control while focusing employees on specific functions, products, or geographic regions. Managers must choose and decide whether to emphasize global standardization or national responsiveness (globalization strategy or multi-domestic strategy). The standardization strategy means that product design, manufacturing, and marketing strategy are standardized throughout the world (Kenichi Ohmae, Managing in a Borderless World). But the advertising and marketing need to be tailored for different regions, Think globally, and Market locally. For example, Coca-cola uses that Converging customer needs and preferences and sells the same Coke beverage worldwide. But they also changed a little in their logo and the style of glass bottle. They make their own special characteristics which associate a strong and cross-cultural brand image. In other hand, Globalization strategy can help manufacturing company gains economies of scale efficiencies by standardizing product design and manufacturing or using common suppliers. It introduces products around the world faster, coordinating prices, and eliminating overlapping facilities. For example, Coca-cola gains economies through the competent running of a large-scale franchising system for its bo ttling operations. The multi-domestic strategy means that company deals with each national market independently of other national markets and tailors products to individual countries to meet the need of people in different countries. In this strategy, there is decentralization of decision making and local RD department takes responsibility for innovations. Some companies have products and services which fit for a multi-domestic strategy, which means taking advantages through differentiation and customization to meet local need. For example, Kraft, which is a Food Company, has recognized that they must tailor their cookies and crackers to different markets. Krafts Oreo, which is the top-selling cookie in the United States, had poorly result in China until the company re-changed itself to suit local tastes. And now, Krafts Oreo also is the top seller in China (Julie Jargon, Kraft Reformulated Oreo, Scores in China, The Wall Street Journal (May 1, 2008), B1, B7). For entering global market, organization designs should suit to the need both of global standardization and national responsiveness depending on situation, type of product and service.etc. How to design the structure fit to globalization? To meet the need of globalization, the top managers must design the organizations structure which is adaptive with the changing environment. Firstly, we should understand the meaning and purpose of organizational structure which formally determines the hierarchy within an organization. There are three most common structural types among global organizations are: Functional structure, Divisional structure and Global matrix structures. Functional structure groups people together into functional departments such as marketing, finance, RD, operations etc. Functional structures are the most common organizational model are used domestically. Divisional Structure is broken down into some sub-types: global product division structure and global geographic division structure. The product division takes responsibility for global operations in their specific product area in global product structure. It provides a fairly straightforward way to effectively manage a variety of businesses and products around the world. And each divisions manager is responsible for planning, organizing, and controlling all functions for the production and distribution of its products for any market in the world. The global product structure is great for standardizing production and sales but it also has some problems such as the product divisions do not work well together, competing instead of cooperating in some countries; and some countries may be ignored by product managers. These problems are solved by Eaton Corporation. They use country coordinators who have a clearly defined role is a superb way The global geographic structure groups people together based on specific geographic location. Each geographic division reports to the CEO and has full control of functional activities within its geographic area. To apply geographic structure, the organization must be large with mature product lines and stable technologies. This structure suits to organizations that use multi-domestic strategy. This means that products and services will be successful if they are tailored to local needs and cultures. For example, Nestlà © uses a geographic structure to focus on the local needs and competition in each country (Carol Matlack, Nestlà © is starting to slim down at last: but can the worlds No.1 food colossus up its profits as it slashes costs? Business week (October 27, 2003), 56). Other example is IBM; they are creating new regional division for developing markets such as the Middle East, Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Eastern Europe. IBM tailors software and services to meet the needs of these emerging and fast-growing information technology markets (William M. Bulkeley, Spinning a Global plan, The wall street Journal (February 14, 2008), B1). http://www.unc.edu/~nielsen/soci410/nm13/m7009.gif The global matrix structure groups people by both of product division and geographic division. This structure works best when the pressure for decision making balances the interests of both product standardization and geographic localization and when coordination to share resources is important. Global matrix structure is the most complex of the different organizational structures. There are many international firms such as ABB, Colgate, IBM, Nestlà ©, or Eaton Corp which are using a global hybrid or mixed structure. Finding the right structure for organization that works best for particular company is very important. If using the wrong structure, organization will have the poor communication, poor product development, poor customer service and a lot of other problems. http://www.unc.edu/~nielsen/soci410/nm13/m7010a.gif Transnational model Transnational model is the most advanced kind of international organization. It allows for the attainment of benefits inherent in both global and multi-domestic strategies. The key of a transnational organization is adaptation to all environmental situations and achieving flexibility by capitalizing on knowledge flows, which take the form of decisions and value-added information, and two-way communication throughout the organization. Decision making and knowledge generation are distributed among the units of a transnational organization. Transnational firms usually enter into strategic alliances with their customers, suppliers, and other business partners to save time and capital. There are five implementation tactics which used for implementing the transnational model: Mass customization-synergies through global research and development (e.g., American Express, Time Warner, Frito-Lay, MCI). Global sourcing and logistics (e.g., Benetton, Citicorp). Global intelligence and information resources (e.g., Andersen Consulting, McKinsey Consulting). Global customer service (e.g., American Express). Global alliances (e.g., British Airways and US Air; KLM and Northwest). For example, Nestlà © CEO Peter Brabeck recently questioned the idea of a so-called global consumer. The company appears to be successfully implementing a transnational strategy by making centralization decisions based partly on whether value-chain activities are upstream or downstream. According to Brabeck, The closer we come to the consumer, in branding, pricing, communication, and product adaptation, the more we decentralize. The more we are dealing with production, logistics, and supply-chain management, the more centralized decision making becomes. After all, we want to leverage Nestlà ©s size, not be hampered by it (Wetlaufer, 2001). Information technology in global organization Firstly, we should know what is the information system? This is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communicating information. Its more than just computer program. Information and communications technologies are playing an increasing role in meeting the needed information of organization. Information systems refer to the wider systems of people, data and activities, both computer-based and manual, that effectively gather, process, store and disseminate organizations information. There are several types of information systems: Executive Information System (EIS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision support system (DSS) and Transaction Processing System (TPS). A management information system is used by managerial or mid-level managers. It provides mid-level managers with reports that summarize data and support day-to-day decision making. There are two common types of reports such as Key-Indicator report and Drill-Down report. MIS is subset of the overall internal controls. For example, at Harrahs casinos, an information reporting system keeps track of detail information on each player and uses quantitative models to predict each customers potential long-term value. An Executive information system is used by highest levels of management. These systems are based on software that can convert large amounts of complex data into pertinent information and provide that information to top managers in a timely fashion. We can use the shortest words to define it as EIS requires only the summary of the whole business. It requires the facts and numbers to be taken and easy access to both internal and external information. For example, Motorolas Semiconductor Products Sector, based in Austin, Texas, implemented an EIS using online analytical processing software so that more than a thousand senior executives, as well as managers and project analysts in finance, marketing, sales, and accounting departments around the world, could quickly and easily get information about customer buying trends, manufacturing, and so forth, right from their desktop computers, without having to learn complex and arcane search commands (Megan Santosus, Motorolas Semiconductor prod ucts Sectors EIS, Working Smart column, CIO, section 1 (November 15, 1998), 84). A Decision support system provides specific benefits to managers at all levels of the organization. This is the software which user can pose a series of what-if questions to test the possible alternatives and based on assumptions used in the software or specified by user. It helps managers choose the alternative that will have the best outcome. A Transaction processing systems used at operational level of an organization for making transactions through online processing. For example, paying a utility bill from bank account or sales and orderingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Those are several IT systems which are useful for organizations, especially global organizations. We can recognize that most successful organizations which are knowledge-based organizations are generally those that most effectively apply information technology. IT has enable creation of the network organization structure and also help the top managers design organization which is smaller, decentralized and improved internal and external coordination. Conclusion Globalization gives top managers a lot of challenges, especially in designing organization which fits the needs of globalization. Organization must follow the steps form domestic to global. It helps organization have a sound basis to face with the changing and competitive global environment. Besides that, top managers should understand the strength and the weakness of organization or market to find out the right strategy to enter new market and the structure which flexible and effective with changing environment. To do this, IT is the best choice to invest in. It provides the needed information both of internal and external organization and this is the most effective way to communicate both inside and outside company.

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, tells the story of a woman, Edna Pontellier, who transforms herself from an obedient housewife to a person who, is alive with strength of character and emotions which she no longer has to repress. Playing the role of a wealthy New Orleans housewife, Edna searches for fulfillment in her customary 19th century life, where the Creole society had high expectations of their women. Even with children, a generous husband, and financial stability, Edna finds herself wanting more from life. In the novel, two women friends of Edna, Adele Ratignole and Mademoiselle Reitz signify her awakening and the consequences of her new found self. 	Edna was attracted to both women for their prospective connection to the two existences within which Edna struggles to find herself. Adele Ratignolle is Edna's close friend and confidante, but the two women are nothing alike. Adele is the perfect housewife and mother; she is the epitome of what a Creole woman and mother ought to be. She lives her life for her children, always being sure that they are properly cared for, clothed, and educated. Unlike Adele whose life is fulfilled through loving and caring for her children, Edna is "fond of her children in an uneven, impulsive way" (Chopin, p. 18). They are not enough to justify her life. Adele could not understand how Edna could say that she "would never sacrifice herself for her children, or for anyone" (Chopin, p. 47). Edna's being is ...

Marketing, Advertising, Style and Art Essay -- Marketing Advertising A

Marketing, Advertising, Style and Art: Life Should be Lived, Not Painted Man-made objects produced for acquisition depend on the ability to carry an image of style. The consumer is persuaded that ownership will enable them to inherit this style transforming their lives into perfect, happy reflections of the people featured in advertisements. These objects can be applied to any aspect of life as a fast answer to the question of style. The media promotes and reflects the current mainstream culture's standards for life style, class and importance of appearance. The media uses images of thin, beautiful women in well kept stylish homes and links these images to other symbols of prestige, happiness, love and success for women. Repeated exposure to this ideal via the various media can lead to the internalisation of this ideal. It also renders these images achievable and real. By targeting advertisements at set demographic groups, the choice of how to split responsibility for domestic chores is taken away. Instead we are presented with a list of acceptable social rules that are different for each gender. An example would be Fairy washing up liquid, in the advertisements we always see a mother doing dishes, with her child somewhere near by. This is communicating a message that washing up is a women’s work and worse still a feminine thing to do, as if to say a man who washes up risks losing part of his masculinity. When considered it seems ridiculous that we would let the media keep such sexist themes alive but the sad fact is that the majority are so conditioned to this train of thought, in order to preserve our gender identities, we must conform. Objects therefore not only posses the power to add style to our lives but to delegat... ...lives it is just a case of applying the same recipe. For instance look at a new sofa in a shop window now forget its advertising style and price, refuse to listen to the cocky sales person and think. Look at it for what it is, an object, with one use and one use only to sit on. Obsession with possessions is everyone’s burden the key is in realising we are all involved in a universal scam. Instead of accepting things as they are presented, take them out of context and produce a new meaning. Once this new meaning has been regarded something of the original meaning is lost forever and in this way we can liberate ourselves. Using these ideas as a tool to reject the regimes that the media present, to re-write the language of style. Many people have used an expression as a defining point of their admiration for Marcel Duchamp’s ideals â€Å"life should be lived, not painted†.

Therapies for Leukemia Patients Essay -- Leukemia

Executive Summary Two promising therapies for leukemia patients are bone marrow transplantation and peripheral stem cell transplantation. Successful transplants require that two immunologic barriers be overcome: a host-versus-graft (HVG) reaction and a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. A myeloablative conditioning regimen, which involves a depletion of the patient’s immune system, usually precedes the transplantation of donor stem cells to control the HVG. However, twentyfive to 35% of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation experience life-threatening transplant-related complications (Holler 1990). Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-_ levels are elevated prior to these complications and are indicative of future problems, such as rejection, graft-versus-host disease, interstitial pneumonitis, endothelial leakage syndrome, and venoocclusive disease (Remberger 1994). As a result, many patients who are at high risk for these complications, including patients over 55 years old, patients with poor overall health, and children, are turned down for stem cell transplantation. In the mid-1990’s, a regimen was developed that uses non-myeloablative conditioning. In this procedure, the immune system of the recipient is not totally depleted, which creates a tolerable regimen for those high risk patients. This project will compare the relative toxicity of myeloablative allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and non-myeloablative PBSCT. This will involve collecting patient serum samples at various time intervals during treatment. The samples will be evaluated for TNF-a concentrations using the ELISA technique. The data will then be used to determine the toxicity of each regimen. This study will p... ...ne response. MacKay I, Rosen F: The Immune System. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2000; 343: 108-117. This is the second part of the review article on immunology. It describes lymphocytes and lymphoid tissue, molecular aspects of the immune response, the activation and regulation of lymphocytes, immune protection by antibodies and immunologic technology. Tanaka J, Imamura M, Kasai M, et al: The important balance between cytokines derived from type 1 and type 2 helper T cells in the control of graft-versus-host disease. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION 1997; 19: 571-576. This article assesses the cytokine network after transplantation, and its connection to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). It looks at the balance between type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, and concludes that severe GVHD may be related to a cytokine imbalance between the helper cells.

The Effects of Gender, Oppression, and Ideology of Women in the Society

Women are most often viewed as part of men. They are at the side or behind a man’s identity. A woman is being talked about by connoting â€Å"the wife of†¦,† â€Å"the daughter of†¦,† or â€Å"the mother of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Women are viewed to be not really significant in the society in history. They are only existent to serve their men for physical and emotional aspect. According to history, women are only subjects and/or objects of the society. In this modern period, women still experience these kinds of situations in different countries around the world. It is good to obtain better understanding on the situations of women in different nations to justify the wholeness of women’s concept. Through this, we could be able to define and analyze the circumstances of women and how these concepts affect their womanhood in their own society. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the three concepts of women in different societies – gender, oppression, and ideology. Women are made only for men. This is the usual perception towards women in the past. Gender is always been an issue for women’s status in the society. They have many limitations because of their gender. Women are known to be weaker than men because of the society’s perspective in history. Life for women is simple and basic for the whole nation but for women’s own situation, it is more complex and complicated because they have no freedom. For this reason, most women used to stay at home even if they have attained a certain degree of knowledge. After graduating in college, they will marry their man and stay at home – developing their sense of womanhood at home. Women are created to be the wife and mother of their family – no more and no less. In this procedure, it can be said that women’s gender has its own limitation in the society. It only means that they could not able to go beyond their limit such as serving the whole country. They are ‘imprisoned’ into their homes to serve their family – alone. These are only basic implications of women’s gender in the society but in Tamil, it more than expected. â€Å"Gender issues surrounding nations and nationalism are perhaps most clearly articulated at times of war, when bodies become the sites of conflict. The masculinization of war and citizenship has been recognized as being intimately connected, with the exclusion of women from the military crystallizing in their exclusion from citizenship (Segaram, 2001). Because they are also part of the war, women wanted to help hasten the freedom against colonialism. They are eager to serve their country and fight for their freedom. However, it is not accepted in the society seeing women being part of the battle. They can be there to be the healer of men but they could not be part of men’s batt leground. The main reason why women could not show their support for freedom in this aspect is because they are women. They are weaker and would not create clear focus and yet they may become the niche of losing. Women’s status in the society is always been a negative perspective. Because of this, women could not able to empower themselves and keeping their identity as weaker and dependent to men. Women’s gender is a deprivation of their freedom to walk straight and show the world that they could also make changes. Women are always left in their homes to nurture their children but they could not able to nurture their selves. Through this, many women suffer from psychological defects when it comes to their liberty and social interaction. Instead of empowering their hearts and minds, women are feebler and tend to depend on their partners for their needs. However, in society today, women wanted to change the notion of gender inequality. They are showing their freedom and independence to their society through working. There are also times when women are making money while their partner is the one nurturing their children. From this case, it can be said that that status of women is trying to make changes and equality to men when it comes to the needs of the society. On the other way around, oppression is a manifestation of social inequality. It lies within the issue of gender. Oppression is also an effect of gender deprivation of the society towards women. Once there is a social inequality, there is a form of oppression. Women’s oppression may exist everywhere – physical, mental, emotional, and even in literature, women is also being oppressed. Once a woman’s identity is used for personal purpose that is negative for women’s depiction in the society, it can be called as oppression. It only means that the concept of oppression is merely a complicated and hard deconstruction of women empowerment and social identity. â€Å"Ruling class women were increasingly treated as one more possession of a male controller of the surplus, valued as an ornament, a source of sexual pleasure or as a breeder of heirs. They would be protected from hardship and external dangers, but also cocooned from any interaction with the wider social world (Harman, 2002). † When a woman is controlled by a man with objection in the side of the woman, there is a simply a form of oppression. It shows that everything that is a form of hostility against women is oppression and it is shown in different parts of the world. Social inequality, discrimination, condemnation, and sexual objectivism are forms of oppression that women continue to experience from the history until now. Oppression is usually experienced of women in the third world countries. They were being oppressed by their partners and authorities. They experience this form of threat because they are voiceless and helpless. Women in these societies tend to become quiet for truth because they are afraid in the possible outcome of their ‘ideal justice. ’ Every woman who experience oppression is incapable of showing herself in front of others. She could not able to define her identity because she is treated as an object by her environment. Because of this, women’s perspective against this issue is more on the ideal side because most probably than not, they will experience this sense of inequality in their society. Another concept that affects women the most is ideology. Women have idealistic and observational based knowledge. They have the capability to work for the needs of the people around them especially for their family. According to research, women are more strategic than men especially in the third world countries. Women in these countries took all the burden right through their arms. Their partners may live them and find their own luck with the arms of others but these women who are mothers of 5-12 children could be able to feed all of them. Women have goals and purpose whenever they enter a certain situation or circumstances. In comparison to men, women would be able to accept their defeat and work harder but men would probably stop from doing his responsibilities once he experience defeat and failure. When a woman entered a situation, she has the guts to kneel to her authority and be with her partner. It exists in the aspect of religion. When a couple has different religion, the woman will bow down and accept the religion of her partner. This is a usual case for women who are part of religious countries like India. It can be said as a form of ideology because women believed in the sense of acceptance and survival. Women are more prone to adjustment that give them the capability create more ideas and perspectives in every situation. â€Å"The ideology of communalism plays around the game of numbers. It goes on to assert that the population of minorities is on the rise due to more wives and children of Muslims. And this will result in this Hindu Rashtra being converted to Islamic country (Puniyani, 2005). † However, more often than not, the society will dictate where a woman must go when it comes to religious issues. Therefore, woman’s ideology becomes a social or communal ideology. In conclusion to this, it can be said that women’s gender, oppression, and ideology are interrelating factors that deals with the trend and pattern of society’s perspective towards women. Gender will define the status of a person in the society. If she is a woman, more or less, she will experience certain oppression within her environment but through the depiction of ideology whether personal or communal will give a woman the capability to strengthen her use and status in her country. Life as a woman is a continuous battle against social oppression and inequality. There is always a need for armor and logical justifications of facts and evidences to make the status of women elevate to the next position. As time passes by, women’s status emerged to a better situation but there is always a challenge beyond everything. Women need to face the different social threats and disabilities to show her dignity and pride in her field. The purpose of each woman today is to make a change for the survival of women in the traditional society that deals with discrimination and social destruction.

Cultural Differences Paper

Many people throughout the world indentify themselves by their cultural background. It is common knowledge that there are many different cultures throughout the world. Each culture has its similarities and differences. Every individual has multiple identities Race, ethnic, gender, national, regional, organizational, personal, cyber/fantasy—that act in concert. The importance of any single identity is a result of the situation. As the context varies, you may choose to emphasize one or more of your identities. A conceptual inquiry into race or gender would seek an articulation of our concepts of race or gender (Riley 1988). For outside a rather narrow segment of the academic world, the term ‘gender’ has come to function as the police way to talk about the sexes. And one thing people feel pretty confident about is their knowledge of the difference between males and females. The situation is similar, if not worse, with respect to race. The self-evidence of racial distinctions in everyday American life is at striking odds with the uncertainty about the category of race. Is it useful to begin by reflecting on the questions: â€Å"What is gender? †, â€Å"What is race? † and related questions such as: â€Å"What is it to be a man or a woman? â€Å"What is it to be White? African American, or Latino? In this paper, we analyze the multicultural concepts of racial identity and gender identity and point out their significance in understanding cultural differences. Gender Identity Gender is a set of characteristics distinguishing between male and female, particularly in the cases of men and women. Depending on the context, the discriminating characteristics vary from sex to social role to gender identity. Gender being male or female is a basic element that helps make up and individual’s personality and sense o self. Gender identity disorder is a condition in which a male or female feels a strong identification with the opposite sex (Bussey K, Braunda 1999). A person with this disorder often experiences great discomfort regarding his or her actual anatomic gender. People with gender identity disorder may act and present themselves as members of the opposite sex and may express a desire to alter their bodies. The disorder affects an individual's self-image, and can impact the person's mannerisms, behavior, and dress. Individuals who are committed to altering their physical appearance through cosmetics, hormones and, in some cases, surgery are known as transsexuals A person with a gender identity is a person who strongly identifies with the other sex. The individual may identify with the opposite sex to the point of believing that he/she is, in fact, a member of the other sex who is trapped in the wrong body. This causes that person to experience serious discomfort with his/her own biological sex orientation. The gender identity disorder causes problems for this person in school, work or social settings. This disorder is different from transvestism or transvestic fetishism where cross-dressing occurs for sexual pleasure, but the transvestite does not identify with the other sex (Ruble DN 1994) Racial Identity Racial identity is which racial society a person mostly identifies with. However, in today’s world many people have two or more racial identities that make it more difficult for them to grasp and understand the cultural traditions and beliefs. On of the most prominent influences in America is President Barack Obama. As the Unites States first black president has taken office, a new report about race suggests it is a changeable marker of social status rather that a fixed characteristic of one’s birth. Jayson, 2008) Although this presidency will change history forever, President Obama will not be remember for the works that he does in office but for his ethical identity which has been in question since he has taken office. Multicultural, race and society have tremendous ethical influences on our lives, values and experiences. These can also provide a guideline for how we interact with one another on a daily bases. A person can account for suspicion and hat red among people of the same race when it comes to loyalty, affiliation and rigid adherence to stereotypical behavior as well as being the source of comradery and lasting unions. Through racial socialization, individuals are imbued with messages that determine the appropriateness and inappropriateness of their roles as racial being. (Carter, 1995) Racial identity can be one of the most important factors of a human life because it can determine how they live, love, and survive. Conclusion Begin your paper here. Double space the entire document. Be sure to indent the first line of each paragraph between five and seven spaces by pressing the Tab key one time on the keyboard. Happy writing!